Prostate Cancer Treatment in India
Prostate is a reproductive gland in males; it is relatively small organ and is located under the bladder. Prostate cancer is caused by the uncontrolled division of mutated prostate cells. These cancer cells form a tumor and obstruct the normal function of the prostate and the bladder.
It is rare in men younger than 40. Risk factors for developing prostate cancer include being over 65 years of age, family history and some genetic changes.
Symptoms of Enlarged Prostate may include:
Problems in Passing urine, such as pain, difficulty starting or stopping the stream, or dribbling.
- Low Back Pain.
- Pain with Ejaculation.
- Blood in the Urine.
- Blood in the Semen.
- Swelling in the Legs.
- Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test : A blood sample is drawn from a vein in your arm and analyzed for PSA, a substance that's naturally produced by your prostate gland. It's normal for a small amount of PSA to be in your bloodstream but if the value increases, the cause must be located.
- Ultrasound : If other tests raise concerns, your doctor may use transrectal ultrasound to further evaluate your prostate. This gives a clear picture of the prostate gland.
- Bone Scans and X-rays : It may reveal whether the cancer has invaded the bones. To perform a bone scan, doctors inject low doses of a radioactive substance into the patient's vein, which accumulates in bones that have been damaged by cancer.
- Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): During a DRE, your doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into your rectum to examine your prostate, which is adjacent to the rectum. It helps to detect any structural anomalies in the prostate.
- Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scans : They can further pinpoint the location of cancer that has spread beyond the prostate.
- Biopsy : The removal of cells or tissues so they can be viewed under a microscope by a pathologist. The pathologist will check the biopsy sample to see if there are cancer cells and find out the Gleason score.
Treatment of Prostate CancerThe treatment of prostate cancer depends on several factors such as
- Stage at which cancer was detected and diagnosed
- The age of the patient
- The health of the patient
- Whether the cancer is a recurrence
- Speed with which the cancer is growing
- Green Light Laser PVP : Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate (PVP), also known as the Green Light Laser, has emerged as the treatment of choice for most patients having surgery for BPH. It is minimally invasive in the sense that all the work to open the prostate channel is made through the penis, without an incision on the abdomen.
- The obstructive prostate tissue is vaporized by the directed laser beam. This is done under spinal or general anesthesia. The advantages of this approach over the traditional TURP (transurethral resection of the prostate) are many :
- Rapid urine flow improvement.
- Quick return to normal activities.
- Virtually bloodless procedure.
- Outpatient procedure in otherwise healthy patients.
- Radical Prostatectomy Surgery : Radical prostatectomy surgery aims to remove the whole prostate gland and the nearby lymph nodes. After the prostate gland is taken out through an incision, a catheter (a narrow rubber tube) is put in the bladder to carry urine out of the body until the area heals.
- Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy : The surgeon deploys a Laproscope a thin tube with a tiny camera . Its a minimally invasive procedure where small cuts are made near the tumor site, and thin tools are used to remove the tumor and surrounding tissue. Usually patient are given general anaesthesia or an epidural or spinal anaesthesia that blocks nerve routes from the spine and numbs the area. If the cancer spreads outside the esophagus, it often goes to the lymph nodes first. (Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that are part of the body's immune system.) Esophageal cancer can also spread to almost any other part of the body, including the liver, lungs, brain, and bones.
- External Beam Radiotherapy : This is a treatment where high-energy X-rays are aimed at a cancer to cure or control it. The X-rays come from a machine called a linear accelerator. This is known as external beam radiotherapy.
- Radiotherapy : Radiotherapy uses high energy waves to treat cancer. If your cancer has not spread beyond the prostate gland you can have radiotherapy to try to cure it. This is called radical radiotherapy. This type of treatment involves giving a high dose of radiation to the prostate gland.
- Hormone therapy : Cancer of the prostate depends on the male hormone testosterone for its growth. By reducing the amount of testosterone in your body, the growth of cancer cells can be slowed down or stopped. It can shrink the tumour and urinary symptoms can often disappear fully.
- Chemotherapy : Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to cure or control cancer. Chemotherapy may be used if your cancer has spread beyond the prostate and is no longer controlled by hormone therapy. In some cases, chemotherapy will improve your quality of life with better control of your symptoms.
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